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General Information on plugs, sockets and wiring techniques |
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| A number of pages on the DMPS website give
information about historical
and technical aspects in general. Links to these pages are given below.
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Diversity and Safety
of Domestic Plugs and Sockets [click to see the page] An illustrated history of plug and socket evolution. Socket Safety Shutters (click) Three methods to cover socket contacts explained. Appliance Connectors; historic notes about precursors of IEC 60320. [click] Certification marks found on plugs and sockets. [click] Compatibility table. [click] 6 sockets used throughout Europe compared with 20 types of domestic plugs. |
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Three-phase
AC generator, with animation that explains basic
principle. [click] Three-phase transformers; source of 120, 208, 230, 277, 400 and 480 Volt. [click] Split-phase wiring; commonly applied in US homes. [click] Radial and Ring circuits; different domestic wiring techniques. [click] |
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Origin of US flat blade plugs, with emphasis on Hubbell's patents. [click] Origin of Schuko plugs. [click] A detailed, illustrated reconstruction of the developent of a widely used earthed plug. MPAD and DAMW marks found on German plugs and sockets. [click] |
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| Manufacturers
of plugs and sockets, represented in the museum collection,
including logos and information about the history of classic and still existing companies. |
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Germany |
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United Kingdom |
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United States |
| Manufacturers in countries that use the CEE 7/3-4 (Schuko) standard. |
 Austria |
 Netherlands |
 Norway |
 Portugal |
 Sweden |
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| Manufacturers in countries that use the CEE 7/5-6 standard. |
 Belgium |
 Czech Repub. |
 France |
 Morocco |
 Poland |
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| Manufacturers in European countries that
use various types of earth connections. |
 Denmark |
 Italy |
 Liechtenstein |
 Spain |
 Switzerland |
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| Six manufacturers in the southern hemisphere |
 Argentina |
 Brazil |
 Chile |
 Australia |
 New Zealand |
 South Africa |
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Another type of wiring ...  not in the collection, but seen in Cluj-Napoca, Romania (2009) |
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D i g i t a l M u s e u m o f |  |
P l u g s a n d S o c k e t s | |