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General Information on plugs, sockets and wiring techniques |
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| A number of pages on the DMPS website gives
information about historical
and technical aspects in general, and features of plugs and sockets that are not restricted to a specific standard or country. Another group of pages gives information of manufacturers of plugs and sockets. |
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Diversity and Safety
of Domestic Plugs and Sockets [click to see the page] An illustrated history of plug and socket evolution. Locking Plugs (click) Overview of types of classic and modern locking mechanisms. Socket Safety Shutters (click) Three methods to cover socket contacts explained. Compatibility table. [click] 6 sockets used throughout Europe compared with 20 types of domestic plugs. |
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Origin of US flat blade plugs, with emphasis on Hubbell's patents. [click] Origin of Schuko plugs. [click] A detailed, illustrated reconstruction of the developent of a widely used earthed plug. Appliance Connectors; historic notes about precursors of IEC 60320. [click] Certification marks found on plugs and sockets. [click] MPAD and DAMW marks found on German plugs and sockets. [click] |
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Three-phase
AC generator, with animation that explains basic
principle. [click] Three-phase transformers; source of 120, 208, 230, 277, 400 and 480 Volt. [click] Split-phase wiring; commonly applied in US homes. [click] Radial and Ring circuits; different domestic wiring techniques. [click] |
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Manufacturers of plugs and sockets, represented in the museum collection, including logos and information about the history of classic and still existing companies. |
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Germany |
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United Kingdom |
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United States |
| Manufacturers in countries that use the CEE 7/3-4 (Schuko) standard. |
 Austria |
 Netherlands |
 Norway |
 Portugal |
 Sweden |
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| Manufacturers in countries that use the CEE 7/5-6 standard. |
 Belgium |
 Czech Repub. |
 France |
 Morocco |
 Poland |
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| Manufacturers in European countries that
use various types of earth connections. |
 Denmark |
 Italy |
 Liechtenstein |
 Spain |
 Switzerland |
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| Six
manufacturers in the southern hemisphere |
 Argentina |
 Brazil |
 Chile |
 Australia |
 New Zealand |
 South Africa |
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Another type of wiring ...  not in the collection, but seen in Cluj-Napoca, Romania (2009) |
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D i g i t a l M u s e u m o f |  |
P l u g s a n d S o c k e t s | |